Located at one's feet the Mount of the fleet, the Vagafogo Farm keeps unbroken an area of primary ciliar forest, with centennial adult vegetal species of great transport and a biodiversity of fauna and flora that total had been not yet catalogued although the extensive specimen list.

Flora

The ciliar forest encloses most of the Sanctuary, extending itself for the hillside of the "Morro do Frota" until its top, when it gives place to the open pasture.

The superior extract of the trees reach 25m of height on average. There are the beautifull jequitibás, the angicos, the woods-d'óleo and jatobás, where one is distinguished for its magesty and beauty - jatobá "Mother of the Forest" that gives the name to one of the obsevations tracks of the Sanctuary.

In the medim extract of the forest is found individuals between 6m and 15m; one third level with forest around 3m and the inferior level of herbaceous plants, the samambaias, the musáceas and the begonias.

This forest, always green, has more than 50 species identified and a significant epífita flora, with 23 species of orchids, beyond peperômias, bromeliáceas, cactáceas and mosses.

The flora of the open pasture also is sufficiently diversified. Fruits trees are found easily: pequi, araticum, cajuí, the cagaita and mangaba. Beauties in its budding are the brazilian tree-purple, the wood-saint and the ephemeral but flaring, ipês-yellow, whose budding indicates the end of the period of drys season.

Fauna

Divided beyond ecosystems of the forest and the open pasture, a rich fauna can be observed in the place. With attention, silence and luck could be observed monkey-nail (Cebus apella libidinosus) and micos-star(Callithrix penicilata) in the top of the trees.

The beardeds monkeys(Alouatta caraya), the biggest primate of the Open pasture also inhabit the area.

It is registered, among others, the presence of four species of armadillos, tamanduá-mirim, tapiti, the deer-campeiro and rodents as the paca, preá and the agouti.

Among the folhedos of the forest, is possible to meet the small lizard (Anolis crysolepsis), whose occurrence in the region of the open pasture was unknown until its register in the Vagafogo Sanctuary.

Avifauna local is also rich, having been listed in one day, 72 species. Today the list of birds counts with more than 200 species.

Some birds, as well as the small Anolis lizard, indicate the forest of the Sanctuary as a place of overlapping areas of Amazonian influence, of the Atlantic forest and caatinga. It is possible to have a view here of the "beija-flor" (Phaethornis to ruber), the "bico de brasa" (Monasa nigrifrons) and the "trinca ferro" (Bouncing maximus), Amazonian species, beside of Benedict (Melanerpes flavifrons), from the Brazilian southeast and of cã-cã (Cyanocorax cyanopogon), species of caatinga. The beautiful Toucan is also present in the Sanctuary (Ramphastos culminatus pintoi), bird that had its area of especiation in the Golden Mountain range and that became the symbol of the Vagafogo Wildlife Sanctuary Farm.